01 - Preheat oven to 350°F (175°C) and line two baking sheets with parchment paper.
02 - In a medium bowl, whisk together all-purpose flour, baking powder, and salt until well blended.
03 - In a large mixing bowl, beat softened butter, granulated sugar, and brown sugar until light and fluffy. Incorporate the egg and vanilla extract, mixing thoroughly.
04 - Gradually add the dry ingredients to the butter mixture, mixing until just combined and a dough forms.
05 - In a separate bowl, beat cream cheese, powdered sugar, and vanilla extract until smooth and creamy.
06 - Stir together melted butter, brown sugar, and ground cinnamon in a small bowl until evenly mixed.
07 - Scoop 1 tablespoon of cookie dough and flatten into a disk. Place 1 teaspoon of cheesecake filling in the center, then top with another tablespoon of dough. Seal edges and gently roll into a ball.
08 - Arrange dough balls spaced 2 inches apart on prepared baking sheets. Press a small indent in the center of each with your thumb.
09 - Drizzle about 1/2 teaspoon cinnamon sugar swirl into the indent of each cookie for optimal flavor distribution.
10 - Bake in preheated oven for 11 to 13 minutes, or until the edges are lightly golden. Allow cookies to cool on the pan for 5 minutes before transferring to a wire rack.
11 - For the optional glaze, whisk powdered sugar, milk, and vanilla extract together until smooth. Drizzle over fully cooled cookies as desired.